Welcome to your digital dispensary bench. When you are formulating, dosing, or cross-referencing in a fast-paced clinical or home setting, you do not always have the luxury of flipping through exhaustive textbooks. This high-yield reference chart condenses a library’s worth of botanical data into a single, highly scannable visual grid designed for rapid decision-making.
This chart is streamlined to deliver immediate, actionable data: tissue energetics, core therapeutic actions, targeted organ systems, standard dosages, and sharp contraindications at a glance. Think of it as your clinical safety checkpoint and structural cheat sheet.
The Power of Precision: Navigating Common vs. Scientific Names
To keep this layout intuitive, herbs are listed alphabetically by their most familiar common name. However, relying solely on common names can be a clinical pitfall. Common names shift dramatically based on region, culture, and local folklore.
Take the common name “dandelion” as a prime example:
- While most herbalists are looking for Taraxacum officinale for its classic hepatic (liver-supporting) and diuretic properties, the word “dandelion” can casually refer to several entirely different species within the Taraxacum genus.
- Some of these related species are perfectly edible and medicinal, while others are entirely inert or unpalatable.
- Furthermore, precise botanical identification is a safety necessity—knowing the exact species helps identify potential allergen risks, such as severe sensitivities within the Asteraceae (daisy) family.
Knowing the exact scientific name—composed of the Genus and species—is the only way to guarantee you are identifying a plant accurately, capturing its true therapeutic properties, and ensuring client safety. Always cross-verify the scientific names listed on your product labels, field guides, and online databases before formulating.
| Common Name | Botanical Name | Parts Used | Actions | Target Systems | Contraindications | Standard Dose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agrimony | Agrimonia eupatoria | Aerial Parts | Astringent, Vulnerary, Bitter | Digestive, Urinary, Tissue Integrity | Constipation, Severe iron-deficiency anemia | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL (1:5) |
| Aloe vera | Aloe vera | Inner Leaf Gel | Demulcent, Vulnerary, Anti-inflammatory | Integumentary, Digestive | Avoid open deep wounds internally | Gel: Fresh liberally applied or 60–120 mL juice |
| Aloes (Cape) | Aloe ferox | Dried Leaf Juice | Laxative (Anthraquinone), Purgative | Digestive, Lower Bowel | Pregnancy, Lactation, Bowel obstruction | Crude Extract: 50–200 mg |
| Angelica | Angelica archangelica | Root / Seed | Warming Carminative, Emmenagogue | Digestive, Reproductive, Respiratory | Pregnancy, Excessive bleeding disorders | Decoction (Root): 1 tsp/cupTincture: 2–3 mL |
| Annatto Seed | Bixa orellana | Seed | Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Hypotensive | Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Integumentary | Pregnancy (in high doses) | Infusion: 1 tsp seeds/cup |
| Arnica | Arnica montana | Whole Plant | Counterirritant, Anti-inflammatory | Musculoskeletal, Circulatory | Strictly External Only: Do not apply to broken skin | Topical: Salve/Cream applied 2-3x daily |
| Arnica Flowers | Arnica montana | Flowers | Vulnerary, Anodyne (Topical) | Musculoskeletal, Integumentary | Strictly External Only: Avoid open lesions, toxicity risk | Topical Oil/Tincture: Diluted as needed |
| Artichoke | Cynara scolymus | Leaf | Hepatic, Choleretic, Hypolipidemic | Digestive, Liver, Cardiovascular | Gallbladder obstruction, Gallstones | Tincture: 2–5 mLStandardized Ext: 300–500 mg |
| Ashwagandha Root | Withania somnifera | Root | Adaptogen, Nervine, Tonic | Nervous, Endocrine, Immune | Hyperthyroidism, Pregnancy | Powder: 3–6 gTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Astragalus | Astragalus membranaceus | Root | Immunomodulator, Adaptogen, Tonic | Immune, Respiratory, Cardiovascular | Acute phase of infection/fever, Autoimmune disease | Decoction: 9–15 g dailyTincture: 3–5 mL |
| Barberry Root | Berberis vulgaris | Root Bark | Antimicrobial, Cholagogue, Bitter | Digestive, Liver, Gastrointestinal | Pregnancy, Lactation, Bile duct obstruction | Decoction: 1/2 tsp/cupTincture: 1–2 mL (1:5) |
| Basil | Ocimum basilicum | Leaf | Carminative, Diaphoretic, Antimicrobial | Digestive, Respiratory, Nervous | High therapeutic doses in pregnancy | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cup fresh or dry |
| Bay leaf | Laurus nobilis | Leaf | Carminative, Diaphoretic, Digestive | Digestive, Respiratory | None known in culinary or moderate tea doses | Infusion: 1–2 leaves per cup |
| Bayberry Root Bark | Morella cerifera | Root Bark | Astringent, Alterative, Stimulant | Respiratory, Lymphatic, Structural | Pregnancy, Excessive dry/atropic tissue | Decoction: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 1–3 mL |
| Bergamot | Monarda fistula / C. bergamia | Leaf / Fruit Peel | Antimicrobial, Carminative, Thymol-rich | Respiratory, Digestive, Nervous | Topical phototoxicity (if using cold-pressed EO) | Infusion (Monarda): 1 tsp/cup |
| Bilberry Berry | Vaccinium myrtillus | Fruit | Antioxidant, Vasoprotective, Nutritive | Cardiovascular, Eyes/Vision | None known at dietary doses | Dietary: 20-60 g dailyStandard Ext: 80-160 mg |
| Bilberry Leaf | Vaccinium myrtillus | Leaf | Astringent, Hypoglycemic support | Urinary, Metabolic | Insulin adjustments might be required | Infusion: 1-2 tsp/cup |
| Birch Bark | Betula pendula | Bark | Anti-inflammatory, Diuretic, Anodyne | Musculoskeletal, Urinary | Salicylate sensitivity, Kidney impairment | Decoction: 1-2 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Black cohosh / Root | Actaea racemosa | Root / Rhizome | Estrogen-modulator, Antispasmodic | Reproductive (Female), Musculoskeletal | Pregnancy (except labor), Liver disorders | Decoction: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 1–2 mL |
| Black Walnut Hulls | Juglans nigra | Green Outer Hull | Anthelmintic, Vermifuge, Astringent | Digestive, Integumentary | Long term use (contains juglone), Pregnancy | Tincture: 1–2 mL (1:5) short-term |
| Bladderwrack | Fucus vesiculosus | Thallus (Kelp) | Thyroid Tonic (Iodine), Metabolic | Endocrine, Metabolic | Hyperthyroidism, Iodine allergies | Powder/Capsule: 500–1000 mgInfusion: 1 tsp/cup |
| Blessed Thistle Herb | Centaurea benedicta | Aerial Parts | Bitter, Oreximatogenic (Appetite), Galactagogue | Digestive, Reproductive | Pregnancy, Gastric ulcers | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup (very bitter) |
| Bloodroot Root | Sanguinaria canadensis | Root | Escharotic, Expectorant, Antimicrobial | Respiratory, Integumentary | Highly Toxic: Pregnancy, Internal use restricted | Topical: Component of specific salves |
| Blue Cohosh Root | Caulophyllum thalictroides | Root | Uterine Stimulant, Emmenagogue | Reproductive (Female) | Early pregnancy (Strictly oxytoxic/abortifacient) | Tincture: 0.5–1 mL (Under professional care) |
| Borage | Borago officinalis | Leaf / Seed Oil | Demulcent, Galactagogue, Anti-inflammatory | Integumentary, Endocrine | Leaf contains Hepatotoxic PAs; Avoid pregnancy | Seed Oil: 1000–2000 mg (PA-Free) |
| Buckthorn Bark | Frangula alnus | Aged Bark | Anthraquinone Laxative, Cathartic | Digestive, Lower Gastrointestinal | Ileus, Crohn’s, Colitis, Pregnancy | Decoction: 1/2 tsp simmered (short-term) |
| Burdock Root | Arctium lappa | Root | Alterative, Lymphatic, Prebiotic | Integumentary, Digestive, Liver | None known; highly safe dietary root | Decoction: 2–4 tsp/cupTincture: 2–5 mL |
| Calamus Root | Acorus calamus | Rhizome | Aromatic Bitter, Carminative, Nervine | Digestive, Nervous | Contains beta-asarone (use North American diploid) | Decoction: 1/2 tsp/cupTincture: 1–2 mL |
| Calendula | Calendula officinalis | Flower | Vulnerary, Lymphatic, Anti-inflammatory | Integumentary, Lymphatic, Digestive | Asteraceae family allergy | Infusion: 2 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Cascara Sagrada Bark | Frangula purshiana | Aged Bark | Anthraquinone Laxative, Tonic Laxative | Digestive, Bowel | Bowel obstruction, Inflammatory bowel diseases | Infusion/Extract: 100–300 mg at bedtime |
| Cat’s Claw Bark | Uncaria tomentosa | Inner Bark | Immunomodulator, Anti-inflammatory | Immune, Musculoskeletal | Autoimmune conditions, Immunosuppressants | Decoction: 1 tsp boiled 20 minTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Catnip | Nepeta cataria | Leaf / Flower | Carminative, Mild Sedative, Diaphoretic | Nervous, Digestive, Respiratory | None known; highly safe for pediatric colic | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Cayenne pepper | Capsicum annuum | Fruit | Circulatory Stimulant, Rubefacient, Anodyne | Cardiovascular, Musculoskeletal, Digestive | Active GI ulcers, Open skin lesions topically | Powder: 100–500 mgTincture: 0.25–1 mL (highly diluted) |
| Cedar, Red | Thuja occidentalis | Leaf / Needle | Antimicrobial, Antimycotic, Expectorant | Respiratory, Integumentary | Contains thujone; Avoid pregnancy/kidney disease | Steam Inhalation: Defined dropsTincture: 0.5–1 mL |
| Chamomile (German/Roman) | Matricaria chamomilla / Chamaemelum nobile | Flower | Carminative, Nervine, Vulnerary | Nervous, Digestive, Integumentary | Asteraceae allergy | Infusion: 1–2 tbsp/cupTincture: 2–5 mL |
| Chaparral Leaf | Larrea tridentata | Leaf | Strong Antioxidant, Antimicrobial | Lymphatic, Integumentary | Pre-existing liver disease, Pregnancy | Tincture: 1–2 mL (1:5)Topical: Infused oil |
| Chaste Tree Berries | Vitex agnus-castus | Berry | Progesterone-Modulator, Prolactin-Inhibitor | Endocrine, Reproductive (Female) | Pregnancy, Concurrent use of oral contraceptives | Tincture: 1–3 mL taken early morning |
| Chestnut Leaf | Castanea sativa | Leaf | Astringent, Antitussive | Respiratory, Tissue Integrity | None noted at normal therapeutic ranges | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup |
| Chia Seed | Salvia hispanica | Seed | Demulcent, Hydrophilic Laxative, Nutritive | Digestive, Cardiovascular | Esophageal narrowing (if swallowed entirely dry) | Mucilage: 1–2 tbsp soaked fully in water |
| Chickweed | Stellaria media | Aerial Parts | Demulcent, Vulnerary, Cooling Alterative | Integumentary, Lymphatic, Digestive | None known; highly safe field herb | Infusion: 2 tsp/cupSuccus (Juice): 5–10 mL |
| Chicory | Cichorium intybus | Root | Prebiotic (Inulin), Bitter, Hepatic | Digestive, Liver, Metabolic | Gallstones, Severe Asteraceae allergy | Decoction: 1–2 tsp roasted root/cup |
| Cilantro | Coriandrum sativum | Leaf | Heavy metal mobilizer, Carminative | Digestive, Elimination Systems | None known in culinary volumes | Dietary: Eaten fresh or concentrated paste |
| Cinnamon | Cinnamomum verum / cassia | Bark | Warming Carminative, Insulin-Sensitizer | Digestive, Metabolic, Cardiovascular | High doses in pregnancy; Coumarin risk in cassia | Powder: 1–3 g dailyTincture: 1–2 mL |
| Cleavers | Galium aparine | Aerial Parts | Lymphatic Alterative, Diuretic | Lymphatic, Urinary, Integumentary | None known; excellent mild lymph mover | Succus: 5–10 mLInfusion: 2–3 tsp fresh/cup |
| Clover (Red) | Trifolium pratense | Flower Blossom | Alterative, Lymphatic, Phytoestrogenic | Lymphatic, Reproductive, Integumentary | Estrogen-sensitive cancers, Blood thinners | Infusion: 2 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Collinsonia Root | Collinsonia canadensis | Root | Vascular Tonic, Astringent, Diuretic | Cardiovascular (Veins), Gastrointestinal | None known; specifically indicators for hemorrhoids | Decoction: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 1–3 mL |
| Coltsfoot | Tussilago farfara | Leaf / Flower | Demulcent, Antitussive, Expectorant | Respiratory | Contains unsaturated PAs; Avoid pregnancy/lactation | Infusion: Restricted to short-term acute use |
| Comfrey Leaf / Root | Symphytum officinale | Leaf / Root | Cell Proliferant (Allantoin), Vulnerary | Musculoskeletal, Integumentary | Contains PAs; Do not use internally or on open skin | Topical: Applied as salve/poultice over closed skin |
| Cornsilk | Zea mays | Stigmas (Silks) | Demulcent, Soothing Diuretic | Urinary, Bladder | None known; highly safe soothing agent | Infusion: 2–3 tsp fresh or dry/cup |
| Cramp Bark | Viburnum opulus | Bark | Antispasmodic, Skeletal & Smooth Muscle Relaxant | Musculoskeletal, Reproductive | None known; exceptional for menstrual cramping | Decoction: 1–2 tsp/cupTincture: 3–5 mL |
| Cranberry | Vaccinium macrocarpon | Fruit | Urinary Anti-adherent, Antiscorbutic | Urinary | Kidney stones if excessive concentrate consumed | Juice: 240–300 mL unsweetened daily |
| Damiana Leaf | Turnera diffusa | Leaf | Thymoleptic, Nervine, Aphrodisiac | Nervous, Reproductive | High anxiety conditions (mildly stimulating) | Infusion: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | Root / Leaf | Leaf: Diuretic. Root: Hepatic, Bitter | Liver, Urinary, Digestive | Acute gallbladder inflammation, Bile duct obstruction | Leaf Infusion: 2 tsp/cupRoot Decoction: 1–2 tsp/cup |
| Dong quai | Angelica sinensis | Root | Blood Tonic, Emmenagogue, Circulatory | Reproductive (Female), Cardiovascular | Diarrhea, Hemorrhagic diseases, Early pregnancy | Decoction: 3–9 g dailyTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Dragon’s Blood | Croton lechleri | Sap / Resin | Styptic, Vulnerary, Antidiarrheal | Integumentary, Digestive | Internal use long term not recommended | Topical: Liquid sap applied directly to scratches |
| Echinacea | Echinacea purpurea / angustifolia | Root / Aerials | Immunomodulator, Sialagogue, Alterative | Immune, Lymphatic | Progressive autoimmune diseases (cautionary) | Tincture: 3–5 mL (Acute: up to 5x daily) |
| Elderberry | Sambucus nigra | Fruit | Antiviral, Antioxidant, Diaphoretic | Immune, Respiratory | Raw berry can induce emesis; cooked or extracted safe | Syrup: 1–2 tsp daily (Acute: up to 4x daily) |
| Elderflower | Sambucus nigra | Flowers | Relaxing Diaphoretic, Anticatarral | Respiratory, Nervous | None known | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cup hot |
| Elecampane Root | Inula helenium | Root | Stimulating Expectorant, Antimicrobial, Bitter | Respiratory, Digestive | Pregnancy, Gastric inflammation | Decoction: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 1–3 mL |
| Eleuthero | Eleutherococcus senticosus | Root | Adaptogen, Endurance Enhancer, Tonic | Immune, Endocrine, Nervous | Hypertension (severe acute phases) | Decoction: 2–4 g dailyTincture: 2–5 mL |
| Eucalyptus Leaf | Eucalyptus globulus | Leaf | Antimicrobial Expectorant, Rubefacient | Respiratory | Do not ingest essential oil; internal leaf restricted | Inhalation: Vapor or infusion of 1 leaf |
| Eyebright Herb | Euphrasia officinalis | Aerial Parts | Anticatarral, Astringent, Anti-inflammatory | Upper Respiratory, Eyes | None known topically if sterile; internally safe | Infusion: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Fennel | Foeniculum vulgare | Seed | Carminative, Galactagogue, Antispasmodic | Digestive, Reproductive | Pregnancy in large therapeutic oil doses | Infusion: 1 tsp crushed seeds/cup |
| Feverfew | Tanacetum parthenium | Flowering Tops | Anti-inflammatory, Vasodilator (Migraine mitigation) | Nervous, Cardiovascular | Pregnancy, Asteraceae allergy | Fresh Leaf: 1-2 small leaves dailyTincture: 1–2 mL |
| Flaxseed | Linum usitatissimum | Seed | Demulcent Bulk Laxative, Phytoestrogenic | Digestive, Cardiovascular | Intestinal stricture, Bowel obstruction | Bulk Seed: 1–2 tbsp crushed with 8oz water |
| Fo-ti (He Shou Wu) | Reynoutria multiflora | Prepared Root | Yin Tonic, Antioxidant, Restorative | Liver, Kidney, Endocrine | Unprepared root causes diarrhea; Liver disorders | Decoction: 6–12 g prepared root daily |
| Frankincense | Boswellia serrata | Oleo-gum Resin | Anti-inflammatory, Cox-2 Inhibitor | Musculoskeletal, Cardiovascular | None known | Standard Ext: 300–500 mg 2-3x daily |
| Garlic | Allium sativum | Bulb | Antimicrobial, Hypotensive, Antiplatelet | Cardiovascular, Immune, Respiratory | Therapeutic doses with anti-coagulants prior to surgery | Dietary: 1–2 raw cloves daily |
| Gentian Root | Gentiana lutea | Root | Intense Bitter, Sialagogue, Cholagogue | Digestive, Gastrointestinal | Gastric ulcers, High stomach acid | Tincture: 0.5–1 mL 15 min before meals |
| Ginger | Zingiber officinale | Rhizome | Carminative, Anti-emetic, Circulatory Stimulant | Digestive, Cardiovascular | High doses with active gallstones or peptic ulcers | Infusion: 1 tsp fresh grated/cupTincture: 1–2 mL |
| Ginkgo Leaf | Ginkgo biloba | Leaf | Cerebral Vasodilator, PAF-Inhibitor | Nervous, Cardiovascular | Anticoagulants, Pre-surgery | Standard Ext: 120–240 mg daily |
| Ginseng (Asian) | Panax ginseng | Root | Highly Stimulating Adaptogen, Tonic | Endocrine, Nervous, Immune | Hypertension, Insomnia, Acute anxiety | Decoction/Extract: 1–2 g daily |
| Ginseng (American) | Panax quinquefolius | Root | Demulcent/Cooling Adaptogen, Tonic | Endocrine, Nervous | None significant compared to Asian counterpart | Decoction: 3–5 g daily |
| Goji | Lycium barbarum | Berry | Antioxidant, Nutritive Tonic, Macular Supporter | Immune, Visual, Endocrine | Concurrent use of warfarin (requires monitoring) | Dietary: 10–30 g dried berries daily |
| Goldenseal | Hydrastis canadensis | Root / Rhizome | Berberine Antimicrobial, Mucous Membrane Tonic | Digestive, Respiratory, Immune | Pregnancy, Newborns (jaundice risk), Long-term use | Tincture: 1–2 mL (1:5)Powder: 500–1000 mg |
| Goldthread | Coptis chinensis | Rhizome | Strong Berberine Bitter, Antimicrobial | Digestive, Gastrointestinal | Pregnancy, Newborns | Decoction: 2–5 g daily |
| Gotu kola | Centella asiatica | Aerial Parts | Vulnerary, Connective Tissue Tonic, Nootropic | Integumentary, Nervous, Cardiovascular | None significant; highly safe adaptogenic nervine | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Grape seed extract | Vitis vinifera | Seed Extract | Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin (OPC) Antioxidant | Cardiovascular, Tissue Integrity | Bleeding disorders, Pre-surgery | Extract: 100–300 mg daily |
| Gravel Root | Eutrochium purpureum | Root / Rhizome | Antilithic, Diuretic, Antirheumatic | Urinary, Musculoskeletal | Contains trace PAs; Pregnancy, Severe liver dysfunction | Decoction: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Green tea | Camellia sinensis | Leaf | Antioxidant (EGCG), Central Nervous System Stimulant, Astringent | Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Nervous | High caffeine sensitivity, Severe iron deficiency | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cup steeped 3 min |
| Guar Gum | Cyamopsis tetragonoloba | Seed Endosperm | Water-soluble Fiber, Demulcent Bulk Laxative | Digestive, Metabolic | Esophageal or bowel obstruction if taken dry | Powder: 5 g fully dissolved in fluid |
| Guarana Seed | Paullinia cupana | Seed | High Caffeine Stimulant, Inotropic | Nervous, Cardiovascular | Cardiac arrhythmias, High anxiety, Pregnancy | Powder: 500–1000 mg |
| Gum Arabic | Acacia senegal | Exudate Gum | Demulcent, Prebiotic, Emollient | Digestive, Respiratory | None known; highly safe soothing agent | Powder: 5–10 g suspended in water |
| Hawthorn | Crataegus monogyna | Berry / Leaf / Fl. | Cardiotonic, Hypotensive, Trophorestorative | Cardiovascular | Concurrent cardiac glycoside drugs (e.g., Digoxin) | Infusion: 1-2 tsp berries/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Henna | Lawsonia inermis | Leaf | Antimicrobial, Astringent, Dye | Integumentary | Strictly External Only: G6PD deficiency | Paste: Applied topically to skin/hair |
| Hibiscus | Hibiscus sabdariffa | Calyx | Hypotensive, Antioxidant, Diuretic | Cardiovascular, Urinary | Pregnancy (high therapeutic doses) | Infusion: 1–2 tbsp/cup |
| Holy Basil (Tulsi) | Ocimum sanctum | Aerial Parts | Adaptogen, Carminative, Nootropic, Clear-Headed | Nervous, Endocrine, Digestive | Early pregnancy (traditional antifertility hints) | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cupTincture: 3–5 mL |
| Hops | Humulus lupulus | Strobiles | Strong Sedative, Bitter, Phytoestrogenic | Nervous, Digestive, Endocrine | Severe depression, Estrogen-dependent conditions | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup at bedtimeTincture: 1–2 mL |
| Horehound | Marrubium vulgare | Aerial Parts | Expectorant, Bitter Cholagogue | Respiratory, Digestive | Pregnancy, Gastric ulcers | Infusion: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 1–2 mL |
| Horsetail | Equisetum arvense | Spring Sterile Stem | Silica-Rich Vulnerary, Diuretic, Astringent | Urinary, Musculoskeletal (Bone/Nails) | Severe kidney disease, Edema due to heart failure | Decoction: Simmer 15 min (extracts silica) |
| Hydrangea | Hydrangea arborescens | Root | Antilithic, Diuretic | Urinary | Long term use; avoid in high acute kidney infection | Decoction: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 2–3 mL |
| Hyssop | Hyssopus officinalis | Aerial Parts | Diaphoretic, Carminative, Stimulating Expectorant | Respiratory, Digestive | Essential oil can trigger seizures; herb safe | Infusion: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Irish Moss | Chondrus crispus | Thallus (Seaweed) | Demulcent, Nutritive, Expectorant | Respiratory, Digestive | High iodine sensitivity, Anticoagulant use | Decoction: 1 tbsp simmered into gel broth |
| Jasmine | Jasminum officinale | Flower | Nervine, Calming, Aromatic | Nervous, Reproductive | None known in tea format | Infusion: 1 tsp blossoms/cup |
| Juniper Berries | Juniperus communis | Pseudo-berry | Urinary Antiseptic, Carminative, Diuretic | Urinary, Digestive | Acute kidney inflammation; Limit use to 4 weeks | Infusion: 1 tsp crushed berries/cupTincture: 1–2 mL |
| Lady’s Mantle | Alchemilla vulgaris | Aerial Parts | Astringent, Uterine Tonic, Styptic | Reproductive (Female), Gastrointestinal | Early pregnancy (uterine mover) | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Lavender | Lavandula angustifolia | Flower | Carminative, Nervine, Thymoleptic | Nervous, Digestive, Skin | None significant | Infusion: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 1–3 mL |
| Lemon Balm | Melissa officinalis | Leaf | Carminative, Antiviral, TSH-Inhibitor | Nervous, Digestive, Endocrine | Hypothyroidism | Infusion: 2 tbsp fresh or 1 tbsp dry/cup |
| Lemon Verbena | Aloysia citrodora | Leaf | Carminative, Mild Sedative | Digestive, Nervous | None significant | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup |
| Lemongrass | Cymbopogon citratus | Stem / Leaf | Carminative, Diaphoretic, Antimicrobial | Digestive, Immune | None significant | Infusion: 1 tbsp fresh/cup |
| Licorice root | Glycyrrhiza glabra | Root | Demulcent, Anti-inflammatory, Adrenal Supporter | Endocrine, Respiratory, Digestive | Hypertension, Hypokalemia, Renal failure | Decoction: 1/2 tsp/cupDGL Form: Chewed safely |
| Life Everlasting | Gnaphalium polycephalum | Aerial Parts | Astringent, Expectorant, Diaphoretic | Respiratory, Digestive | None known | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cup |
| Linden | Tilia europaea | Flower / Bract | Hypotensive, Relaxing Diaphoretic, Demulcent | Cardiovascular, Nervous, Respiratory | None known; highly safe nervine | Infusion: 1 tbsp/cup |
| Lovage | Levisticum officinale | Root | Diuretic, Carminative, Emmenagogue | Urinary, Digestive, Reproductive | Acute kidney inflammation, Pregnancy | Decoction: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 2–3 mL |
| Lungwort | Pulmonaria officinalis | Leaf | Demulcent, Astringent, Pectoral | Respiratory, Lung Tissue | None known | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cup |
| Marshmallow root | Althea officinalis | Root | Demulcent, Mucilaginous Vulnerary | Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary | Take 2 hours away from oral pharmaceuticals | Cold Infusion: 1 tbsp in cold water 4+ hours |
| Meadowsweet | Filipendula ulmaria | Aerial Parts | Anti-inflammatory, Antacid, Vulnerary | Digestive, Musculoskeletal | Salicylate/Aspirin allergy, Asthma | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cup (Do not boil) |
| Milk thistle | Silybum marianum | Seed | Hepatoprotective, Hepatotrophorestorative | Liver, Gastrointestinal | None known; exceptionally safe | Standard Ext (Silymarin): 140–420 mg daily |
| Mistletoe Herb | Viscum album | Leaf / Twig | Hypotensive, Sedative, Cardiac Depressant | Cardiovascular, Nervous | Toxic plant parts; Avoid pregnancy, heart block | Cold Infusion: Highly restricted professional use |
| Motherwort | Leonurus cardiaca | Aerial Parts | Emmenagogue, Nervine, Cardiac Regulator | Cardiovascular, Nervous, Reproductive | Pregnancy, Menorrhagia (Heavy bleeding) | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup (Bitter)Tincture: 2–4 mL |
| Mugwort | Artemisia vulgaris | Leaf | Bitter, Emmenagogue, Dream Enhancer | Digestive, Nervous, Reproductive | Pregnancy (Uterine stimulant), Asteraceae allergy | Infusion: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 1–2 mL |
| Mullein | Verbascum thapsus | Leaf / Flower | Demulcent, Expectorant, Lymphatic | Respiratory, Lymphatic | Strain hairs completely from leaf tea to avoid throat irritation | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cup finely strained |
| Myrrh Gum | Commiphora myrrha | Oleo-gum Resin | Strong Antimicrobial, Vulnerary, Astringent | Immune, Mucous Membranes | Pregnancy, Severe stomach ulcers | Tincture: 1–2 mL (1:5 high alcohol) |
| Myrtle | Myrtus communis | Leaf | Astringent, Antimicrobial, Balsamic Expectorant | Respiratory, Urinary | None significant | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup |
| Neem Leaf | Azadirachta indica | Leaf | Antimicrobial, Alterative, Hypoglycemic | Integumentary, Immune, Digestive | Pregnancy, Couples trying to conceive | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup (Bitter)Topical Oil: Applied directly |
| Nettle / Stinging | Urtica dioica | Leaf / Root | Leaf: Nutritive Tonic, Alterative. Root: Prostate Supporter | Urinary, Structural, Reproductive | None known; highly nutritious | Infusion (Leaf): 1-2 tbsp/cup dry steeped long |
| Oats / Oatstraw | Avena sativa | Milky Seed / Straw | Nervine Trophorestorative, Nutritive | Nervous, Endocrine, Integumentary | Celiac disease (if cross-contaminated with wheat) | Milky Seed Tincture: 3–5 mLInfusion: 2 tbsp/cup |
| Olive leaf | Olea europaea | Leaf | Hypotensive, Antiviral, Antioxidant | Cardiovascular, Immune | Extreme low blood pressure | Infusion: 1 tsp/cupStandard Ext: 500 mg daily |
| Oregano | Origanum vulgare | Leaf | Strong Antimicrobial, Carminative, Diaphoretic | Digestive, Respiratory, Immune | Therapeutic concentrated oil can irritate GI track | Infusion: 1 tsp/cupEssential Oil: Highly diluted |
| Oregon Grape | Berberis aquifolium | Root / Rhizome | Berberine Antimicrobial, Hepatic Alterative | Digestive, Liver, Integumentary | Pregnancy, Lactation, Newborns | Decoction: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 1–3 mL |
| Orris Root | Iris germanica | Root | Fixative, Astringent, Lymphatic | Respiratory, Lymphatic | Raw root is emetic/acrid; use dry aged root | Powder: Cosmetic fixative uses primarily |
| Osha | Ligusticum porterii | Root | Antiviral, Diaphoretic, Warming Expectorant | Respiratory, Immune | Pregnancy (uterine stimulation risk) | Tincture: 1–3 mLRoot Chunk: Chewed directly |
| Parsley | Petroselinum crispum | Leaf / Root / Seed | Diuretic, Carminative, Emmenagogue | Urinary, Digestive, Reproductive | High oil/seed doses contraindicated in pregnancy | Infusion (Leaf): 1-2 tbsp fresh/cup |
| Passionflower | Passiflora incarnata | Aerial Parts | Nervine, Sedative, GABA-Enhancer | Nervous (Insomnia / Circular Thinking) | Concurrent use of pharmaceutical sedatives | Infusion: 1-2 tsp/cupTincture: 2–5 mL |
| Pau d’Arco | Handroanthus impetiginosus | Inner Bark | Antifungal, Antimicrobial, Immunomodulator | Immune, Digestive, Integumentary | Pregnancy, Concurrent use of blood thinners | Decoction: 2 tsp boiled 20 minTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Pennyroyal | Mentha pulegium | Leaf | Emmenagogue, Carminative | Reproductive (Female) | Highly Abortifacient; Essential oil is fatal internally | Herb Infusion: Avoid entirely unless highly trained |
| Peppermint | Mentha x piperita | Leaf | Carminative, Antispasmodic, Choleretic | Digestive, Nervous | Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)—relaxes lower esophageal sphincter | Infusion: 1 tbsp/cup coveredTincture: 1–3 mL |
| Plantain | Plantago major / lanceolata | Leaf | Vulnerary, Demulcent, Drawing Alterative | Integumentary, Respiratory, Digestive | None known; ultimate localized sting poultice | Infusion: 1 tsp/cupPoultice: Macerated fresh leaf applied |
| Poke root | Phytolacca americana | Root | Powerful Lymph mover, Emetic | Lymphatic, Immune | Low-dose Toxic Herb: Poisonous in standard doses | Tincture: 1–5 drops daily (Professional guide only) |
| Primrose | Primula vulgaris / veris | Flower / Root | Secretolytic Expectorant, Nervine | Respiratory, Nervous | Pregnancy, Salicylate sensitivity | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup |
| Psyllium | Plantago ovata | Seed Husk | Bulk Mucilaginous Laxative | Digestive, Bowel | Bowel obstruction, Stenosis; Must consume with water | Husk Powder: 1 tbsp mixed into 8oz water |
| Pumpkin seed | Cucurbita pepo | Seed | Anthelmintic (Paralyzes worms), Nutritive | Digestive, Prostate | None known | Dietary: 10–30 g whole raw seeds |
| Pygeum | Prunus africana | Bark | 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor, Prostate Tonic | Reproductive (Male), Urinary | Ensure sustainable harvesting certification | Standard Ext: 100 mg daily |
| Raspberry (Red) | Rubus idaeus | Leaf | Uterine Parturient Tonic, Astringent | Reproductive, Tissue Integrity | Avoid huge therapeutic amounts in 1st trimester | Infusion: 1–2 tbsp/cup steeped 15 min |
| Red root | Ceanothus americanus | Root Bark | Lymphatic, Astringent, Spleen Tonic | Lymphatic, Cardiovascular | Concurrent blood thinners | Decoction: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 1–3 mL |
| Reishi mushroom | Ganoderma lucidum | Fruiting Body | Immunomodulator, Adaptogen, Liver Tonic | Immune, Nervous, Cardiovascular | Mushroom allergies, Immunosuppressant drugs | Decoction: Simmered 1 hourExtract: 500–1000 mg |
| Rhodiola | Rhodiola rosea | Root | Stimulating Adaptogen, Nootropic, Tonic | Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular | Bipolar mania, High acute anxiety states | Standard Ext: 200–400 mg early morning |
| Rhubarb (Turkey) | Rheum palmatum | Root | Anthraquinone Laxative, Bitter Astringent | Digestive, Bowel | Bowel obstruction, Pregnancy, Inflamed colon | Decoction: 1/2 tsp/cup (Short-term) |
| Rosehips | Rosa canina | Fruit / Hips | Nutritive (Vitamin C), Antioxidant, Astringent | Cardiovascular, Tissue Integrity | Clean seed hairs completely to prevent GI scraping | Infusion: 1–2 tbsp crushed/cup |
| Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis | Leaf | Cerebrovascular Stimulant, Antioxidant | Cardiovascular, Nervous, Digestive | Large internal medicinal quantities in pregnancy | Infusion: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 1–3 mL |
| Roses | Rosa spp. | Petals / Buds | Astringent, Nervine, Vulnerary | Nervous, Reproductive, Integumentary | None known | Infusion: 1–2 tsp petals/cup |
| Safflower | Carthamus tinctorius | Flower | Emmenagogue, Blood Invigorator | Reproductive, Cardiovascular | Pregnancy, Hemorrhagic disorders | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup |
| Sage | Salvia officinalis | Leaf | Antisudorific (Stops sweat), Carminative, Astringent | Nervous, Digestive, Respiratory | Pregnancy, Lactation (Dries up breast milk) | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup covered |
| Saint John’s Wort | Hypericum perforatum | Flower / Leaf | Vulnerary, Nervine, CYP3A4 Liver Inducer | Nervous, Liver, Integumentary | Severe drug cross-interactions (birth control, HIV drugs, SSRIs) | Infusion: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Sarsaparilla | Smilax spp. | Root | Alterative, Saponin-Rich, Anti-inflammatory | Integumentary, Musculoskeletal, Metabolic | Gastric irritation in high doses | Decoction: 1 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Sassafras | Sassafras albidum | Root Bark | Aromatic Diaphoretic, Alterative | Integumentary, Circulatory | Contains safrole (regulated carcinogen risk) | Decoction: Intermittent folk use only |
| Saw palmetto | Serenoa repens | Berry | Liposterolic Prostate Tonic, Anti-androgenic | Reproductive (Male), Urinary | Prostate cancer (must rule out before self-treating) | Standard Ext: 160–320 mg daily |
| Schisandra Berries | Schisandra chinensis | Berry | 5-Flavor Berry, Hepatic Protector, Adaptogen | Liver, Nervous, Endocrine | Acute phase of epilepsy, High intracranial pressure | Decoction: 3–6 g dailyTincture: 2–4 mL |
| Senna | Senna alexandrina | Leaf / Pod | Strong Anthraquinone Laxative, Cathartic | Digestive, Bowel | Long-term use (>10 days), Crohn’s, Bowel blockage | Infusion: 1/2 tsp leaves/cup |
| Sheep Sorrel | Rumex acetosella | Aerial Parts | Oxalic Acid Astringent, Alterative | Urinary, Integumentary | Kidney stones (high calcium-oxalate risk) | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup |
| Shepherd’s purse | Capsella bursa-pastoris | Aerial Parts | Antihemorrhagic, Styptic, Diuretic | Reproductive, Cardiovascular (Capillaries) | Pregnancy, Active history of kidney stones | Tincture: 2–5 mL acute (best fresh plant) |
| Skullcap | Scutellaria lateriflora | Aerial Parts | Trophorestorative Nervine, Anxiolytic | Nervous (Insomnia, Twitching, Stress) | Avoid misidentified sources (adulteration history) | Infusion: 1–2 tsp/cupTincture: 2–5 mL |
| Slippery elm | Ulmus rubra | Inner Bark | Demulcent, Mucilaginous Nutritive | Digestive, Respiratory | Endangered status (source responsibly), drug absorption | Gruel: 1 tbsp mixed into warm water paste |
| Spearmint | Mentha spicata | Leaf | Carminative, Mild Anti-androgenic | Digestive, Nervous, Reproductive | None known; safer than peppermint for mild GERD | Infusion: 1 tbsp/cup |
| Stevia | Stevia rebaudiana | Leaf | Non-caloric Sweetener, Hypoglycemic potential | Metabolic, Tongue | None significant | Infusion/Extract: Used sparingly to taste |
| Tansy | Tanacetum vulgare | Aerial Parts | Anthelmintic, Emmenagogue | Digestive, Reproductive | Toxic Thujone Levels: Avoid pregnancy, internal use | Topical: Historic insect repellent washes |
| Thyme | Thymus vulgaris | Leaf | Strong Antimicrobial (Thymol), Antispasmodic | Respiratory, Digestive, Immune | High internal concentrated oil doses | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup covered |
| Turmeric | Curcuma longa | Rhizome | Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Choleretic | Musculoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Digestive | Bile duct obstruction, Coumarin drug therapeutics | Powder: 1–3 g daily with fat & black pepper |
| Uva ursi | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | Leaf | Arbutin Urinary Antiseptic, Astringent | Urinary (Bladder Infections) | Pregnancy, Kidney disease; Use short term (<7 days) | Infusion: 1 tsp soaked cold or hotTincture: 2–3 mL |
| Valerian | Valeriana officinalis | Root | Sedative, Anodyne, Musculoskeletal Relaxant | Nervous, Musculoskeletal | Paradoxical stimulation occurs in hot constitutions | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup (smelly)Tincture: 2–4 mL |
| Vervain, Blue | Verbena hastata | Aerial Parts | Bitter Relaxing Nervine, Diaphoretic | Nervous, Digestive, Musculoskeletal | High nausea threshold, Hypocritic/low vitality states | Infusion: 1 tsp/cup (Highly bitter)Tincture: 1–3 mL |
| White Oak Bark | Quercus alba | Inner Bark | High Tannin Astringent, Styptic | Gastrointestinal, Integumentary | Constipation, Widespread dry tissue states | Decoction: 1 tbsp boiled for skin wash/gargle |
| Willow bark, white | Salix alba | Bark | Salicin Anti-inflammatory, Anodyne | Musculoskeletal | Salicylate/Aspirin allergy, Child fevers (Reye’s syndrome) | Decoction: 1–2 tsp bark/cup simmered |
| Wild Cherry Bark | Prunus serotina | Inner Bark | Cyanogenic Antitussive, Sedative Sedatory Expectorant | Respiratory (Spasmodic Coughs) | Long-term use, Pregnancy, High dosage toxicity | Cold Decoction: 1 tsp simmered brieflySyrup: 5 mL |
| Wild Yam Root | Dioscorea villosa | Root | Antispasmodic, Hepatic, Cholagogue | Reproductive, Musculoskeletal, Digestive | None known; does not convert to progesterone in the body | Decoction: 1–2 tsp/cupTincture: 2–4 mL |
